Puerperal women's perceptions of obstetric violence during labor

Introduction: When perceptions from healthcare users regarding the services offered by health institutions are taken into account, they become a tool to improve the quality of healthcare actions. Objective: To understand the perception of puerperal women about obstetric violence during labor. Methods: A descriptive mixed-methods study was carried out in a maternity hospital in the city of São Paulo with 31 postpartum women from August to November 2020. Quantitative data were collected in the first step, followed by the collection and analysis of qualitative data based on the theoretical framework of social representations and content analysis to decompose the interview material. Results: Two categories were identified from the perspective of the obstetric violence perception, physical abuse, and abandonment during health care. From the perceptions of puerperal women concerning obstetric violence during labor, it was possible to identify that 11 women have experienced it. Of these, 7 did not initially mention violence, but when questioned, they indicated the occurrence of inappropriate or unnecessary practices that fit the obstetric violence definition, and 20 claimed not to have experienced violence. Conclusion: It was evidenced that women sometimes did not recognize that they experienced obstetric violence, and some of those women who did had received inadequate information. There is an urgent need to reflect on the current scenario of childbirth care, reformulation of care practices, and professional awareness of good practices and evidence-based medicine.

Cardiovascular Effect of Diosgenin in Ovariectomized Rats.

Diosgenin is a phytoestrogen and a constituent of Dioscorea. It has several biological effects, and some of them are anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antitumor, and vasodilatory. The present study investigated both the vasorelaxing and antioxidant mechanisms of diosgenin in isolated rat aortic rings. Female rats weighing 200-220 g were subjected to sham or OVX operations at 8 weeks of age. Ovariectomy was performed for menopause induction after anesthesia. Diosgenin (10-9 M-3 × 10-4 M) produced a concentration-dependent relaxation in aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine (1 µM), exhibiting Emax value of 55.34% ± 7.7% (in endothelium-intact rings) and Emax value of 30.30% ± 5.7% (in endothelium-denuded rings). In the endothelium-intact rings, the vasorelaxing effect of diosgenin was reduced by NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (100 µM), atropine (1 µM), indomethacin (10 µM), 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) (10 µM), 4-aminopyridine (1 mM), tetraethylammonium (3 mM), glibenclamide (10 µM), apamin (10 µM), and Tiron (1 µM). Diosgenin (10-5 M) inhibited the contractions induced by cumulative addition of phenylephrine (10-9-10-5 M). The 28-days treatment with diosgenin (50 mg/kg, v.o.) did not imply changes in the myeloperoxidase parameter, but increased significantly, levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and nitric oxide, as well as reduced the concentration of malondialdehyde related to lipid peroxidation. Our results suggest that diosgenin induced relaxation in aortic rings via an endothelium-dependent pathway, which involves the EDRF, the opening of potassium channels and antioxidant action.

Vasorelaxant activity and acute toxicity of the ethanolic extract of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam leaves

The study evaluated the vasorelaxant effect induced by the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam (EEtOH-Zr/leaves). Wistar rats were treated with the leaf extract containing a single dose of 2,000 mg / kg, v.o. After 14 days, the animals were anesthetized for blood collection and subsequent analysis of the biochemical parameters; they were then euthanized (sodium pentobarbital-100 mg/kg, i.p.) for the removal and morphological analysis of the heart, lung, liver and kidney. The vasorelaxation activity the and vascular reactivity of EEtOH-Zr/leaves were evaluated on artery mesenteric rings isolated from rats. The extract showed no signs of toxicity and no significant difference in the values of the biochemical parameters between the control group and the group of treated animals. In the evaluation of pharmacological activity in the smooth muscle, the EEtOH-Zr/leaves caused vasorelaxant effect on the tonic contraction induced by phenylephrine in mesenteric artery preparations in the presence (pD2=2.17±0.05 µg/mL; Emax=99.8±5.2%) and absence (pD2=2.14±0.05 µg/mL; Emax=95.3±6.4%) of the vascular endothelium. Oral administration of EEtOH-Zr/leaves reduced the contraction induced by the cumulative addition of PHE. It is concluded that the EEtOH-Zr/leaves promote vasorelaxation and reduce vascular reactivity of adrenergic alpha-1 agonist in the mesenteric artery. The results did not show toxic effects of the extract.

Quo vadis doctor: antonações sobre a história da cirurgia, os cirurgiões e suas cirurgias / Quo vadis doctor

Relação da história e evolução da cirurgia no espaço e no tempo, com descrição cronoloca e sucinta dos fatos relevantes das principais épocas, destacando se os cirurgiões, seus feitos e obras mais importantes.

Guia para revisäo bibliográfica: saúde coletiva / A bibliographic review guide: social medicine

Na fase de revisäo bibliográfica de estudo e pesquisas na área de Saúde Coletiva (SC), aceita-se, geralmente, que o INDEX MEDICUS (IM) seja o instrumento de referência ideal por permitir identificar a maioria das publicações na área. O uso do guia permitirá, na área da SC: 1) definir se o IM é ou näo suficiente; 2) identificar a(s) obra(s) de referência(s) (OR) que completa(m) o IM; 3) por área da SC, qual(is) OR deve(m) ser buscada(s) para obtençäo de uma revisäo bibliográfica mais completa. Foi montado um banco de dados com base nas listagens de periódicos médicos, indexados em 1992: a) pelo INDEX MEDICUS classificados por descritores; b) pelo CURRENT CONTENTS - CLINICAL MEDICINE, agrupados por disciplinas; e com base nos títulos das revistas, onde foram publicados os 6970 trabalhos, cujos resumos compõem os volumes do ano de 1992 da EXCERPTA MEDICA - Secçäo 17 (Saúde Pública, Medicina Social e Epidemiologia). A análise dos dados do banco vai permitir, na SC como um todo, a identificaçäo das revistas indexadas por uma ou, simultaneamente, por duas ou três das OR. Permitirá, ainda, por área da SC, a identificaçäo de qual(is) OR poderá(äo) apontar a maioria dos trabalhos publicados na área, possibilitando um planejamento mais adequado dos levantamentos bibliográficos.